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to burn

to burn

1.0
To be on fire or damage something with heat
  • verb
  • /bɜrn/
translation icon : arder
  • The fires were still burning in the hills.
  • burn fossil fuels
  • burn fuel
  • burn coal

Fossil fuels, which we burn like witches or dogs.

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Examples

  • Well, try not to burn the place down.

  • Oh, and if it has to burn, then let it burn.

  • Two months before the record store burned down.

  • Kmart is burning, Target is burning, everything is on fire.

  • We'd burned all the forests to keep the winters away.

  • My truck burned down.

  • In dry temperate forests, fires historically burned with greater frequency and lower severity than they do today.

    Academic text (2011)
  • Of the 42.5 million acres burned in eight Interior West states since 1984, 41.4% was forestland.

    Academic text (2017)
  • The theory that Gus Coggins's barns burned because of racial animosity was not the only theory, however.

    Academic text (2013)
  • The campfire began to burn brightly as the sun set over the horizon.

Synonyms

to burn down
vsto burn
121 3.0

To destroy a building or object completely by fire

emphasizes total structural loss rather than milder heat damage or ignition
to set on fire
vsto burn
110 3.0

Make something start burning

means causing combustion but does not require resulting damage or total destruction
to torch
vsto burn
76 6.5

To set fire to something on purpose

adds deliberate criminal intent, unlike general accidental or neutral ignition
to ignite
vsto burn
66 4.0

To make something start burning

focuses on the start stage rather than ongoing combustion or final damage
to incinerate
vsto burn
33 7.1

To burn things like documents or waste until they turn to ash

focuses on total consumption to ash rather than general ignition or harm
to scorch
vsto burn
31 4.8

To burn something completely so it is destroyed

tends toward total destruction more than general heating or mere ignition
to burn up
vsto burn
27 3.7

To be completely destroyed by fire

describes total consumption rather than partial heat damage or simple ignition
to fire
vsto burn
17 1.0

To burn something to destroy it

also covers being alight or causing materials to ignite or catch
to combust
vsto burn
8 7.4

To catch fire or make something burn

adds meaning of causing damage or destroying by heat or flame
to burn away
vsto burn
6 3.2

Become used up by fire or slowly disappear over time from heat and light

describes slow consumption or fading rather than sudden active ignition or damage
to set ablaze
vsto burn
5 4.8

To make something start burning

is about initiating combustion rather than focusing on later damage or destruction
to set afire
vsto burn
2 4.1

Make something start to burn

focuses on the action of starting combustion rather than resulting damage or ash
to set aflame
vsto burn
1 5.1

To make something start burning

emphasizes the beginning of ignition rather than long term damage or heating effects
to set alight
vsto burn
  • UK
1 4.2

To make something start burning

highlights the starting action rather than the process of ongoing damage or heating
to inflame
vsto burn
1 5.7

To make something start burning, for example paper or dry grass

matches the starting action but key also covers being alight and causing damage
to overburn
vsto burn
7.5

To burn something too much so it is ruined

adds the idea of excessive heat beyond intention rather than planned combustion
to conflagrate
vsto burn
9.9

To set fire to something

stresses causing a large scale blaze rather than small ignition or heat
to enkindle
vsto burn
  • Archaic
9.1

To make something start to burn, like a fire or a strong feeling

is mainly literal heating or destruction rather than a figurative, vivid usage

Antonyms

23 4.4

Stop a fire, candle, or other light from burning

Idioms

to burn in hell
  • Offensive
38 9.6

Say that you want someone to suffer forever after they die

12 9.8

To tie a person to a stake and burn them as punishment or to strongly criticize them in public

6 5.1

Work or study late at night to finish something

Money makes someone want to spend it quickly

to feel the burn
  • Informal
5 8.0

To have a strong burning feeling in the muscles during hard exercise

To work late at night and early in the morning so you become very tired

to burn in effigy
  • Offensive
2 8.9

Burn a dummy or picture of someone in public to show strong anger

1 8.1

Lose money or get hurt because of a mistake you make

1 7.7

To end a relationship or opportunity so you cannot use it again

dad burn
  • Archaic
1 9.9

A mild phrase people say to show annoyance without using strong swear words

8.7

Make a party very lively and exciting

Phrasal Verbs

121 3.0

To destroy a building or object completely by fire

27 3.7

To be completely destroyed by fire

24 4.7

Stop working, especially things like lights or fuses, because they get too hot from too much use

22 3.4

To use energy from the body or fuel when you move

8 3.4

Use up energy by physical activity

6 3.2

Become used up by fire or slowly disappear over time from heat and light

5 3.0

Use coal as fuel to make heat or electricity

to burn rubber
  • Informal
5 7.0

Drive a car very fast so the tires spin and smoke

3 4.6

To light up suddenly with a strong flame or bright light

1 5.6

Clear land of plants by burning them

to burn down
  • Jargon
1 3.9

To reduce work left in a project

to burn in
  • Specialized
1 6.9

Run new devices for a while to make sure they work well

to burn time
  • Informal
7.5

To pass time by doing something not useful while you wait

Compounds

11 2.4

A dark spot on skin or cloth made when something hot touches it

third-degree burn
  • Specialized
11 4.8

A very serious injury that destroys all skin layers can cause numbness and needs medical treatment

second-degree burn
  • Specialized
9 3.4

A skin injury that causes painful blisters and redness

A small mark a cigarette makes on skin or clothes

4 3.9

An area of skin rubbed and hurt by a rough cord

burn center
  • Specialized
3 3.9

A hospital unit that treats people with serious burns

burn rate
  • Specialized
1 6.5

The speed a company spends money each month

first-degree burn
  • Specialized
1 3.4

A mild injury to the top layer of the skin that causes redness and pain without blisters

burn bag
  • Formal
1 7.9

A strong locked bag for holding secret papers to be burned

burn rate
  • Jargon
1 7.4

The speed tokens are permanently removed from circulation

A plant with thick spiny leaves that has a cooling gel for sunburn called Aloe vera

An injury caused when electricity passes through the body and damages skin or tissue

5.2

A skin scrape you get when you fall or slide on a road

A film or book that builds tension slowly and ends with a big moment

A change that happens slowly over a long time

How Intense

to incinerate
33 7.1
to burn
1.0
to char
53 4.6
to scorch
20 3.5
to smolder
  • US
18 6.6

Surface Forms

burn infinitive
burned past
burned past participle
burning present participle
burns third person singular
burnt past
burnt past participle

Etymology

Burn comes from the old English bærnan meaning 'to be on fire', and the same root is in the word brand, once meaning a 'torch', so to burn is to be on fire or to make something catch fire.