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breakdown

breakdown

19 4.1
A process in which a substance is broken into simpler parts by chemicals or living things
  • noun
  • /ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn/
  • Specialized
translation icon : degradación
  • The breakdown of organic matter in compost enhances the soil's nutrients.
  • breakdown product
  • tissue breakdown
  • skin breakdown

They speed up the breakdown of the of the ice cream cone.

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Examples

  • Look at the actual breakdown to see what's really going on.

  • The large intestine also provides more surface area for the chemical breakdown and absorption of food.

    Academic text (1993)
  • I think, and this is a guess here, that this chemical would cause complete breakdown of the nervous system.

  • Chart A shows the current breakdown of spending by the federal government on R&D.

    Academic text (1993)
  • Waste products are formed from the breakdown of tissues and from food eaten in the daily diet.

    Academic text (2012)
  • Urea is produced as a result of the breakdown of protein.

    Academic text (2012)
  • There's been some kind of cellular breakdown.

  • Now, the breakdown of the vitreal gel is not that uncommon.

  • Most patients have net protein breakdown, which can exceed 200 g per day in catabolic subjects.

    Academic text (1995)
  • Milk spoilage is started by microbes, which consume and breakdown the nutrients in milk.

Synonyms

breaking
vsbreakdown
224 1.7

To cause something to fall into pieces or become damaged

is a process that often means chemical or biological reduction to simpler parts
breakup
vsbreakdown
39 3.6

A separation into parts when something falls apart

focuses more on chemical or biological separation into simpler substances
rot
vsbreakdown
24 1.6

The breaking down of things like food or wood by bacteria and mold

is the wider process that also covers nonorganic chemical separation
decomposition
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
23 5.3

Breaking dead plants and animals into simpler material by bacteria and fungi

is broader and applies to both organic decay and chemical separations
degeneration
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
8 6.7

A process in which a living part, like an organ, becomes simpler and less useful

is the process of separation or reduction often chemical or biological
disintegration
vsbreakdown
6 6.2

Something breaks into smaller pieces and falls apart

is broader also covering chemical or biological splitting into simpler parts
fragmentation
vsbreakdown
5 6.3

Breaking something into small pieces, often by force

is the broader process that may also involve chemical simplification
cleavage
vsbreakdown
4 4.9

A split into parts along natural lines, for example in rocks or cells

is broader and includes gradual chemical or biological simplification
rotting
vsbreakdown
3 3.4

The breaking down of dead plants and animals by bacteria or fungi

is broader and includes chemical reactions and nonliving separation methods
splintering
vsbreakdown
3 4.6

An act of wood breaking that sends out small sharp pieces

is wider and includes nonviolent chemical or biological separation processes
putrefaction
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
3 8.9

The rotting of dead plants or animals that makes a bad smell

is the general process and does not imply odor or specific symptoms
biodegradation
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
1 4.6

A process where living things like bacteria break substances into natural parts

is broader and also includes purely chemical processes without organisms help
disaggregation
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
1 7.9

Breaking a whole into smaller separate parts

focuses more on chemical or biological reduction to simpler substances
scission
vsbreakdown
1 9.8

The cutting or splitting of something into parts

is more general and can also mean natural chemical reductions
chemical decomposition reaction
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
4.3

A chemical reaction where one compound breaks into two or more different substances

is the broader process covering nonchemical and biological separation too
decomposition reaction
vsbreakdown
  • Specialized
6.3

A reaction where one compound breaks into two or more simpler substances

is the general process that also includes biological separations
dissimilation
vsbreakdown
  • Archaic
9.7

Cells break down complex substances to release energy

is the general process including nonbiological as well as chemical separations
splitting
vsbreakdown
3.4

The act of dividing something into parts or groups

is the overall process that emphasizes chemical or biological simplification
decohesion
vsbreakdown
9.9

Parts that were held together come apart

is the broader process that includes chemical or biological division into components

Antonyms

14 6.2

Combining different ideas to form one whole

Compounds

52 5.3

A time when someone is so stressed or upset they cannot live normally and need medical help

A severe time when someone cannot manage daily life because of strong feelings

People fail to share information clearly and so cause misunderstanding

An unexpected failure of a machine that stops it working

How Decomposed

to decay
22 3.4
decomposition
  • Specialized
2 5.7
breakdown
  • Specialized
19 4.1

Surface Forms

breakdown singular
breakdowns plural

Morphology

breakdown = break + down (transparent) = break + down

This noun is a direct nominalization of the phrasal verb 'break down' meaning to decompose, so learners who know 'break down' can readily infer this sense.

Etymology

Breakdown comes from the words break ('to separate into pieces') and down ('to a lower state'). So a chemical breakdown is when something is 'broken down' into smaller parts.