Skip to main content
depression

depression

39 4.0
A long time when the economy is weak and many lose jobs
  • noun
  • /dɪˈprɛʃən/
  • Specialized
translation icon : depresión económica
  • The economic depression in the 1930s led to widespread unemployment and hardship for many families.
  • economic depression
  • depression and unemployment
  • depression and inflation

And I suspect we might be heading into a depression with deflate, with inflation.

Autoplay Next

Examples

  • With the war's denouement at hand, U.S. industrialists feared the return of the Depression.

    Academic text (2004)
  • The economic depression was absolutely central to this election and why the Dems came back.

  • Along came the depression, and he was one of the first to go.

  • We have no great war, no great depression.

  • Although the period was one of severe economic depression, everybody sooner or later seemed able to find employment.

    Fiction book (1999)
  • By 1988, Mexico had suffered seven consecutive years of economic depression after 40 years of outstanding growth.

    Academic text (1990)
  • Two nights ago, she told me that even if Germany bails out the euro... there could still be a worldwide depression.

  • By early 1952, however, the textile industry was in a deep depression, and New England mills were hardest hit.

    Academic text (2003)
  • After the "lost decade" of economic depression throughout Latin America, invidious comparisons were made with East Asia and Europe.

    Academic text (1993)
  • During her year as an unskilled factory worker in the depths of economic depression (1934-35),

    Academic text (2001)

Synonyms

downturn
vsdepression
69 4.4

A period when the economy or business gets worse

is more prolonged and deeper involving low trade and investment
slump
vsdepression
65 4.6

A period when business or the economy falls a lot

is longer and more serious with high unemployment and falling prices
economic crisis
vsdepression
63 3.7

A period when a country's economy becomes very weak and many people lose jobs

is a long serious decline with falling prices and low investment
downswing
vsdepression
1 6.1

A time when people buy and sell less and the economy slows

is a longer severe phase beyond a simple cycle

Antonyms

195 3.7

A time when people or a country have money and success

176 2.9

An increase in the goods and services a country makes over time

Compounds

A severe world economic crisis in the 1930s that caused mass unemployment

clinical depression
  • Specialized
8 3.9

A serious mental illness doctors diagnose that causes long deep sadness and loss of interest and often needs treatment

7 4.8

A mental illness with times of very high energy and times of very low mood

agitated depression
  • Specialized
1 8.0

A long time of deep sadness when someone cannot sit still and is easily annoyed

psychotic depression
  • Specialized
1 8.8

Severe depression where a person loses touch with reality and has hallucinations or false beliefs

dysthymic depression
  • Specialized
8.2

A long time feeling sad and low in energy for at least two years

endogenous depression
  • Specialized
7.8

A long time of feeling very sad because of changes in the brain, not because of life events

anaclitic depression
  • Specialized
9.9

A deep sadness in babies who lose their mother or main caregiver and get little care

anhedonic depression
  • Specialized
9.9

A depression where a person cannot feel pleasure in usual activities

exogenous depression
  • Specialized
7.5

A low mood that starts after a life event like loss or divorce

A long, serious time of deep sadness and loss of interest that starts in middle age or after menopause

A low hollow in the ground that often holds water

8.5

A long time of deep sadness and worry without false beliefs or hearing things that are not there

reactive depression
  • Specialized
6.9

A period of deep sadness and low energy after a stressful life event

9.2

A long serious feeling of sadness with very slow movement and little energy that makes starting things hard

unipolar depression
  • Specialized
5.8

A long illness of deep sadness and low energy without periods of very high mood

How Severe

collapse
350 4.1
depression
  • Specialized
39 4.0
recession
  • Specialized
858 4.6
slump
65 4.6
downturn
69 4.4
slowdown
53 3.7

Surface Forms

depression singular
depressions plural

Morphology

depression = depress (semi-transparent) = de + press + ion

The economic sense is a conventionalized metaphor ('economy pressed down') that is related to the verb but requires world/disciplinary knowledge to fully interpret.

Etymology

Depression comes from de- 'down' and press 'to push'. That image of being 'pressed down' helps explain why an economic depression is a long, severe fall in the economy with low trade and high unemployment.