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rough

rough

144 1.0
Not smooth and often harsh in sound
  • adjective
  • /rʌf/
: áspero
  • When we crossed icy ground, his rough glove grasped my thick knitted mitten.
  • a rough surface
  • rough terrain
  • a rough texture

The burning girl flushed red against the rough brown of the couch.

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Examples

  • The walls were made of a core of rough stone blocks faced with limestone slabs.

    Academic text (2008)
  • The ground is smooth and rough, dry and wet.

  • Well, I mean, it seems a little rough, but...

  • It's a little rough, so be nice.

  • Now, these are rough, but they will give you a good idea.

  • And your hands are so rough.

  • There's still rough seas from the storm.

  • Lirrel half-closed her eyes and leaned her back against the rough surface of the wall.

    Fiction book (1991)
  • A hard surface, cloud-white and flecked like marble, but rough to the touch, feeling similar to sandstone.

    Fiction book (1991)
  • The surface of the table is rough, making it uncomfortable to write on.

Synonyms

bumpy
vsrough
67 1.0

A surface or movement that is not smooth and has small raised parts

is more general, used for surfaces and journeys with irregularities
uneven
vsrough
48 2.3

Not smooth or level, with parts higher and lower

is the general adjective used also for sounds, journeys, and finishes
jagged
vsrough
44 3.6

An edge or outline with rough, sharp points

is broader, used for unevenness that is not necessarily sharp
coarse
vsrough
29 3.7

A surface like sand or rough cloth that has large grains and is not smooth

is the general adjective for lack of smoothness without implying poor quality
textured
vsrough
17 4.1

Having a surface you can feel that is not smooth

is more general, applying also to sounds, journeys, and other senses
rocky
vsrough
8 3.0

Something that moves in an unsteady way with sudden bumps

is the broad adjective for uneven conditions beyond just movement
unpolished
vsrough
4 4.4

Rough in behavior, skill, or looks and awkward in social situations

focuses on plain or unfinished quality rather than surface texture
jolting
vsrough
2 5.0

Causing a sudden rough movement or shock

is the wider adjective used for surfaces, sounds, journeys, and more
rough-cut
vsrough
  • Specialized
1 4.9

Shaped but not smoothed or fully finished

is the broader adjective for many not smooth surfaces and qualities
sandpapery
vsrough
1 7.0

Feels rough and slightly scratchy when you touch it

describes general lack of smoothness without abrasive comparison
jaggy
vsrough
1 7.8

A surface that is rough and has many sharp points, like broken rock

is more general and applies to many kinds of non smooth surfaces
roughish
vsrough
1 5.4

Feels slightly rough to the touch

is the standard adjective used for a stronger lack of smoothness
roughhewn
vsrough
1 8.2

Stone or wood that has a not smooth surface made with simple tools

is the general adjective used beyond carved or shaped materials
unmanicured
vsrough
1 6.1

A thing not neatly kept or cut that looks natural

is broader and applies to many domains beyond neatness or grooming
jolty
vsrough
1 7.4

Moving with sudden, uneven bumps that make you feel unsteady

describes general lack of smoothness rather than sudden motion quality
rough-textured
vsrough
1 3.7

A surface that feels bumpy or not smooth to the touch

is the shorter, more general form used in many contexts beyond texture
notchy
vsrough
1 7.9

A surface that feels rough because it has small bumps or cuts

emphasizes overall lack of smoothness rather than specific notches
coarse-textured
vsrough
1 4.9

Having a rough surface that feels slightly scratchy

is the usual adjective for lack of smoothness without particle implication
unsmooth
vsrough
1 6.2

A surface that is uneven and feels rough to touch

is the everyday form used across many senses without technical detail

Antonyms

224 1.0

A surface that is even and not rough

75 2.1

A shiny, smooth surface after being rubbed or cleaned

Idioms

8 5.2

A person or thing with great talent but little polish

To go through a short time with problems after a good time

rough time of it
  • Informal
3 6.5

A period when someone has many problems

Accept the good and bad parts of a situation

Compounds

27 4.7

A sharp, uneven part that can cut, or a small fault in a person's way of behaving

rough-and-tumble
  • Informal
13 7.3

Energetic and rough, not following usual rules

the rough
  • Jargon
12 7.0

An area on a golf course with long grass that makes play harder

rough cut
  • Specialized
6 4.8

An early edited version of a film before final changes

4 3.6

Sea or big lake with strong waves that make travel by boat difficult

A noisy, rough fight with little care for rules

4 8.1

A soldier on horseback in the volunteer unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War

rough-and-ready
  • Informal
2 6.6

Simple and not carefully made but good enough for the job

2 8.1

A harsh punishment people give without help from the police or courts

An appearance that seems tough but hides a softer side

rough-cut
  • Specialized
1 4.9

Shaped but not smoothed or fully finished

A quick simple sketch that shows the main ideas

rough-skinned newt
  • Specialized
1 8.8

A small salamander with rough skin that lives near streams on the Pacific coast

rough sledding
  • Informal
1 7.0

A difficult time that is hard to get through

A surface that feels bumpy or not smooth to the touch

rough trot
  • Informal
1 8.1

A difficult time or an uncomfortable ride someone has

rough fish
  • Jargon
1 8.1

A fish people do not want to eat, catch, or use as bait

rough-legged hawk
  • Specialized
1 7.0

A large Northern hawk with feathered legs that hunts small animals like mice

rough green snake
  • Specialized
1 8.4

A thin bright green snake with rough scales that is harmless and lives in the southern and eastern United States

1 7.5

A person who speaks in a rude, harsh way

1 7.1

A person who sleeps outside because they have no home

rough horsetail
  • Specialized
1 9.6

An evergreen plant with rough, jointed stems that people use to scrub pans

1 7.9

A plant from North America with rough stems and small yellow flowers

A climbing evergreen plant with spiny zigzag stems, shiny leaves, and pale green flowers

rough bristlegrass
  • Specialized
9.6

A grass with rough, stiff seed heads that often grows as a weed

rough pea
  • Specialized
8.8

A winter plant with weak stems that farmers use to cover soil and feed animals

A cloth with a coarse, uneven surface that feels scratchy

rough-leaved aster
  • Specialized
9.5

A North American plant that lives for many years with rough hairy leaves and purple daisy-like flowers

How Rough

coarse
29 3.7
rough
144 1.0
bumpy
67 1.0
uneven
48 2.3

Surface Forms

rough positive
rougher comparative
roughest superlative

Etymology

Rough comes from an old English word ruh that meant 'hairy' or 'coarse', like an animal's shaggy fur; imagine running your hand over a sheep's coat. So when something is not smooth or even, we call it 'rough'.