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roughly

roughly

373 1.6
About a number or amount that is not exact
  • adverb
  • /ˈrʌfli/
translation icon : aproximadamente
  • Each group was attended by 6 to 11 participants, roughly between the ages of 18 and 35 years.
  • roughly 40 percent
  • roughly half
  • roughly the same

facing that way roughly northwest, I think, OK.

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Examples

  • By 2015, such offshore oil production will account for roughly 40 percent of the world's total.

    Academic text (2008)
  • Light-travel time, roughly seven seconds.

  • And they all seem to end in roughly the same place.

  • And we can still tell roughly how long it's been.

  • This looks roughly where I need to be.

  • The use of food banks in Canada has increased by roughly 20 percent over the last two years.

    Academic text (2011)
  • You could very roughly estimate at about 2,000 steps, because 2,000 would make a mile.

  • Curiously, she said we had roughly the same build.

  • Following the war, the government sold off the fleet for roughly 28 cents on the dollar.

    Academic text (2017)
  • The project will take roughly three months to complete.

Synonyms

about
vsroughly
1.0

Not exact but near a number, amount, or time

is a more casual everyday choice for indicating uncertain numbers
nearly
vsroughly
1.0

Almost but not completely

is used for numeric estimation rather than expressing completeness
pretty much
vsroughly
  • Informal
3.0

Almost completely but not quite

is narrower, used to mark estimates of numbers rather than general extent
just about
vsroughly
915 2.7

Almost right, but not exactly

is used the same way but often in quicker casual speech
or so
vsroughly
695 1.0

You add it after a number to show the number is about that amount

is the normal alternative used before numbers instead of after them
practically
vsroughly
634 2.5

Almost but not completely

is mainly for estimating numbers, not for near completion or truth
virtually
vsroughly
578 3.6

Almost complete but not fully finished

is focused on number or amount estimation rather than general states
approximately
vsroughly
524 3.2

Near the exact number or amount

is a more casual everyday alternative used in speech
around
vsroughly
379 1.0

About an amount or number, not exact

is similar but used in more informal spoken contexts
more or less
vsroughly
301 2.1

About a number or idea, not exact but close enough

is similar but tends to be slightly more precise in tone
some
vsroughly
1 1.0

About a number when you do not know the exact amount

is a more general substitute used when exact values are unimportant
approx.
vsroughly
3.1

People use it to say a number or time is close to but not exact

is the full word form rather than the shortened written form
or thereabout
vsroughly
7.0

At about that time, place, or number

is the more informal phrase used when giving vague times or amounts

Antonyms

1.0

In a completely correct way

124 3.7

Do something in an exact and careful way

How Exact

exactly
1.0
almost
1.0
nearly
1.0
approximately
524 3.2
around
379 1.0
about
1.0
roughly
373 1.6

Surface Forms

roughly positive
rougher comparative
roughest superlative

Morphology

roughly = rough (semi-transparent) = rough + ly

The adverbial use 'approximately' is a metaphorical extension from 'rough' meaning 'not exact' or 'imprecise', so learners may infer it but it is not literally about physical roughness.

Etymology

Roughly also came to mean 'about' because rough was used for things that are 'not exact' or without detail, as in a 'rough sketch' or a 'rough idea'. So saying 'roughly three hours' gives a 'not exact' estimate.