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harmful

harmful

161 2.6
Causing damage to people, animals or things
  • adjective
  • /ˈhɑrmfəl/
translation icon : perjudicial
  • And I understand that there can be harmful effects from getting the measles.
  • harmful effects
  • harmful consequences
  • harmful chemicals

It's going to help to burn down harmful visceral fat.

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Examples

  • Although it may seem like a minor technicality, this law is harmful to Egyptian democracy.

    Academic text (2011)
  • However, these proposals have focused primarily on the potential for reducing exposure to harmful constituents in tobacco and smoke.

    Academic text (2011)
  • That gas can be harmful, but it's all in how you treat things.

  • Sometimes the best choice is the one that is the least harmful.

  • Obviously, this can be a confusing, frustrating, and quite harmful dynamic for a child.

  • Sam Nunn, Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, has described the harmful effects of this shift.

    Academic text (1990)
  • Over 40 of these are harmful chemicals that are known to cause cancer and other smoking-related diseases.

    Academic text (2011)
  • You know we carry all kinds of viruses and bacteria that could be harmful to a sensitive lifeform.

  • Ingesting large amounts of sugar can be harmful to your health over time.

  • Cigarette smoke contains many harmful chemicals that can damage your lungs.

Synonyms

dangerous
vsharmful
1.5

Likely to cause harm or injury

expresses general damaging potential without stressing immediate threat
bad
vsharmful
1.0

Likely to cause harm or injury

is the specific notion of causing damage or injury rather than vague badness
toxic
vsharmful
380 4.0

Containing poison that can cause harm or death

is broader and not limited to poison-related danger
destructive
vsharmful
243 4.2

Causing great damage or harm

is the general word for causing damage without implying total ruin
devastating
vsharmful
224 5.1

Causing very great damage or sadness

covers negative effects of any size rather than only extreme destruction
hazardous
vsharmful
98 5.2

Likely to cause harm or danger

covers harming effects but without emphasizing situational risk
unsafe
vsharmful
93 1.1

Likely to cause harm to people or damage to things

describes harmfulness without focusing on absence of safety
poisonous
vsharmful
90 2.8

Containing a substance that can make you sick and can cause death if eaten, touched, or breathed

is the general damaging concept not tied to poison specifically
adverse
vsharmful
83 6.0

Harmful to people or things, often making progress difficult

denotes causing damage in general rather than opposing interests specifically
damaging
vsharmful
80 3.1

Likely to cause harm to a person or to their things

is more general, not focused only on causing loss or damage
detrimental
vsharmful
49 6.3

Causing harm to people, things, or the environment

is the simple, general idea of causing bad effects
pernicious
vsharmful
  • Formal
23 8.2

Harmful in a slow and hidden way

is the immediate or general notion of causing damage not gradual
ruinous
vsharmful
10 7.0

Causing very serious harm to people or businesses

is a general negative-effect term not limited to complete ruin
deleterious
vsharmful
  • Formal
9 8.5

Harmful to people, animals, or plants

is the wider term not limited to living things
injurious
vsharmful
8 7.0

Can harm people, animals, or plants

is the broader negative-effect term not limited to physical injury
disadvantageous
vsharmful
3 6.8

Causing problems that make someone or something worse off

is the general causing-of-harm idea rather than specific practical loss
hurtful
vsharmful
1 2.9

Causing harm to living things like people or animals

covers negative effects broadly rather than only emotional or personal pain
unhealthful
vsharmful
1 4.8

Harmful to your health and likely to make you sick

refers to harmfulness in any domain, not only health
baneful
vsharmful
  • Formal
1 9.1

Causing great harm or serious damage

describes causing damage but without the intense ruin sense

Antonyms

231 1.0

Not able to hurt people or things

138 3.4

Making something better or producing a good result

Compounds

harmful stereotype
  • Offensive
4.6

An unfair, simple idea about a group of people that can hurt them

How Harmful

deadly
543 2.8
dangerous
1.5
harmful
161 2.6
harmless
231 1.0

Surface Forms

harmful positive
harmfulness positive

Morphology

harmful = harm (transparent) = harm + ful

Standard adjectival formation from the noun 'harm' with '-ful' meaning 'full of' or 'causing', which B1 learners can readily infer.

Etymology

Harmful comes from the simple word harm meaning 'hurt' or 'damage' and the ending -ful meaning 'full of'. So something harmful is 'full of harm' and likely to cause hurt or damage.