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hardening

hardening

1 4.6
A change in a material when it becomes more solid
  • noun
  • /ˈhɑrdənɪŋ/
translation icon : endurecimiento
  • It works by UV hardening resin in a VAT.

It's going to harden or start the process of hardening a thought into form.

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Examples

  • Most importantly, epoxy offers 0.06 percent linear effective shrinkage upon hardening, compared to 0.6 to 1 percent shrinkage for the acrylate resins.

    Academic text (1995)
  • Weight bearing was not allowed for 3 to 4 hours setting time to assure sufficient hardening of the plaster inner shell.

    Academic text (1995)
  • The shear forces resulting from the extrusion contribute to the hardening of the material to form a long, strong fiber.

    Academic text (1994)
  • Higher temperatures during 2010 might have triggered the plant defense system to produce certain proteins causing hardening of the cotton crop; thus, less cell injury and more CMT were recorded during 2010 than in 2009.

    Academic text (2014)
  • After the hardening of the cement, the bulla was closed with muscles and connective tissue, and the wound sutured.

    Academic text (1998)
  • A valuable side effect of wire drawing is that cold-working aligns the metal grains and raises the tensile strength of most alloys; this hardening is not an unmixed blessing.

    Academic text (2012)
  • The hardening of concrete requires careful mixing to ensure durability.

  • After undergoing the hardening process, the metal became much more resilient against damage.

  • The hardening of the mixture took several hours, resulting in a strong and solid material.

Synonyms

set
vshardening
12 5.6

The change from soft to hard

is the broader term for this transformation in materials
stiffening
vshardening
1 4.9

Something becomes hard and less flexible, for example in joints or fabric

describes lost flexibility rather than increasing solidity of materials
solidification
vshardening
  • Specialized
1 6.8

The change when a liquid or soft thing becomes hard, usually by cooling

is the broader term for making materials more solid or firm
curing
vshardening
  • Specialized
1 5.4

A process that makes a material hard by cooling or drying

is the general name for causing materials to become more solid
solidifying
vshardening
  • Specialized
4.7

A process of becoming hard when a liquid cools or a wet material dries

is the general name for that process in materials
crystallizing
vshardening
  • Specialized
5.9

Solid crystals form when a liquid cools or dries

focuses on the crystal-making mechanism rather than general solid change
concretization
vshardening
  • Specialized
9.1

Small pieces of rock or sand become hard and form a solid mass

is specific to minerals becoming compact rather than general material change
tempering
vshardening
  • Specialized
6.1

A process of heating and then cooling metal or glass to make it stronger

focuses on heat treatment for strength rather than simple solid formation
cementation
vshardening
  • Specialized
8.9

A process that hardens the surface of iron or steel by adding carbon

applies to just the surface, not to strengthening the whole material
rigidifying
vshardening
8.6

A change that makes something stiff and hard so it cannot bend

focuses on rigidity increase, not on turning substances into solid mass
rigidification
vshardening
9.1

A process in which a material becomes stiff and hard to bend

is about stiffness change, not necessarily creating a solid or dense structure

Antonyms

8 2.7

The process of becoming softer or less firm

Compounds

1 3.6

The walls of blood vessels become thick and hard, causing less blood to flow

How Hard

calcification
  • Specialized
3 7.1
solidification
  • Specialized
1 6.8
hardening
1 4.6
stiffening
1 4.9

Surface Forms

hardening singular
hardenings plural

Morphology

hardening = harden (transparent) = hard + en + ing

Standard derivation: 'hard' + '-en' -> 'harden' (verb), then '-ing' forms the noun for the process of becoming hard.

Etymology

Hardening comes from the simple parts hard and -en, where hard means 'firm' and -en means 'to make'. So hardening is the process of something becoming more solid or firm, like wet concrete turning into a hard block.