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to come across

to come across

289 2.6
To find something or someone by chance
  • phrasal verb
  • /kʌm əˈkrɔs/
: encontrarse con
  • I suddenly came across an old photograph of my grandparents while cleaning the attic.
  • come across a word
  • happen to come across
  • come across a case

Now, that word unconditional, when I first came across it floored me.

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Examples

  • Just came across a first edition of Kandinsky's Theory of Color.

  • In reviewing the material for this story, I came across a curious coincidence.

    Fiction book (1994)
  • What would he do if he came across the person?

  • I remember coming across him at the base on the way home.

  • Did you ever come across Michael B Jordan?

  • Until one day, I came across some strange ruins.

  • And three days went by and then we came across a waterfall.

  • At some point, invariably you come across feedback that you should listen to.

  • Some of you may have come across him because he's autistic.

  • For example, as I searched for paintings among Jacob Lawrence's works, I came across Forward Together.

    Academic text (2008)

Synonyms

to find
vsto come across
∞ 1.0

To discover something while looking or by accident

often implies unplanned discovery rather than deliberate seeking
to find out
vsto come across
∞ 2.1

To learn something you did not know, often by searching or asking

focuses on sudden accidental discovery rather than planned searching for facts
to discover
vsto come across
∞ 1.0

To find out about something for the first time, often by chance

is the idiomatic phrasal version used for the same unexpected finding
to learn
vsto come across
∞ 1.0

Find out about something often by chance

is centered on unexpected finding of objects or people rather than acquiring facts
to run into
vsto come across
556 2.7

Meet someone by chance without planning

is narrower, mainly used for accidental meetings with people rather than objects
to encounter
vsto come across
406 3.2

To meet someone or find a problem unexpectedly

is more about chance meetings and experiences than planned interactions
to stumble
vsto come across
189 2.8

To find something by chance

stresses accidental meeting rather than planned searching or effort
to bump
vsto come across
118 2.8

To meet someone by chance while you are out

is a brief expression for accidental meeting without strong formality
to bump into
vsto come across
112 2.2

To meet someone by chance in a public place

is similar but slightly more informal and casual in tone
to come by
vsto come across
89 3.2

Get something, often by luck or after effort

focuses on getting possession rather than simply noticing or finding something
to turn up
vsto come across
76 3.0

To find something while searching or by chance

includes accidental discovery as well as results from deliberate searching
to come upon
vsto come across
59 2.2

To find something or someone by chance

is the same meaning but expressed with a different phrase
to cross paths
vsto come across
  • Informal
48 3.7

Meet someone by chance

is less specific, applying to any sudden unexpected finding beyond brief meetings
to run across
vsto come across
39 2.7

Find something by chance while doing something else

highlights accidental discovery during other activity rather than isolated finding
to strike
vsto come across
  • Informal
31 2.8

To find something by chance

is similar but uses a different idiomatic expression
to chance on
vsto come across
25 6.1

To find something or someone by accident while doing something else

expresses accidental discovery in a casual phrasing rather than formal speech
to happen upon
vsto come across
18 4.9

Find a person or thing by chance

is the same meaning but uses a different everyday phrase
to hit upon
vsto come across
8 4.9

To find or think of something by chance

leans more toward accidental idea discovery than mere accidental meetings
to chance
vsto come across
7 3.9

To find something by accident

is broader, covering general accidental events not only unexpected discovery
to fall upon
vsto come across
4 3.6

To find something by chance

is the same idea but expressed with another idiom
to chance upon
vsto come across
4 5.1

Find someone or something by accident

has identical sense but differs only in wording
to happen along
vsto come across
2 5.8

To find a person or thing by chance while you are going somewhere

stresses accidental arrival rather than the act of finding people or things
to come to hand
vsto come across
2 6.3

To become available to someone, often information or documents

often refers to results becoming available rather than the active act of finding
to light upon
vsto come across
2 5.6

To find something by chance

is the same idea but offered in another expression
to cross one's path
vsto come across
1 4.2

To meet someone unexpectedly, often by chance

emphasizes accidental meeting during movement rather than general discovery

How Unexpectedly

to come across
289 2.6
to discover
∞ 1.0
to hit upon
8 4.9
to find
∞ 1.0
to notice
∞ 1.0

Surface Forms

come across infinitive
coming across present participle
comes across third person singular
come across past participle

Morphology

come + across

The meaning 'to be perceived/appear' is a metaphorical extension of the literal motion sense of 'come' + 'across' (i.e. coming across someone’s perception), so there is a detectable connection to the constituents but not a fully predictable one. Phrasal verbs like this often require prior exposure for learners to map the particle's abstract meaning, so a B1 learner who only knows the literal words would likely only partially infer the sense.

Etymology

Come across comes from the simple picture of walking into something by chance: you come and go across a place and suddenly meet an object or person, like finding an old photo while cleaning, so it means 'to find by chance'.