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white-livered

white-livered

9.9
Very afraid and not willing to face danger
  • adjective
  • /ˈwaɪtˌlɪvərd/
  • Offensive
translation icon : pusilánime
  • What a white-livered little coward you are!

Examples

  • Not this greasepaint hero, this puny, rabbit-hearted, white-livered buffoon!

  • The white-livered soldier hesitated to charge into battle.

  • " Unhand me, you white-livered sons of goats!" he shouted, struggling.

    Fiction book (1992)
  • He called him a white-livered coward for running away from the fight.

  • She let the white-livered excuse of fear stop her from trying new things.

Synonyms

cowardly
vswhite-livered
84 3.9

Feeling fear and avoiding dangerous or difficult situations

is an intensifying term that marks very pronounced fear or timidity
yellow
vswhite-livered
  • Offensive
60 7.9

Not brave and easily frightened

is a stronger intensified term stressing very marked timidity
craven
vswhite-livered
  • Formal
11 8.7

Being very afraid and not willing to face danger

is very fearful too but without the same moral condemnation
yellow-bellied
vswhite-livered
  • Offensive
5 7.9

Being too afraid to do things that need courage

is equally fearful but avoids the same vivid insulting image
chicken
vswhite-livered
  • Offensive
5 7.2

Easily frightened and not willing to take risks

is a more general or serious expression beyond casual speech
lily-livered
vswhite-livered
  • Offensive
3 9.9

Not brave and easily frightened

is a stronger label highlighting very marked fear and lack of bravery
chickenhearted
vswhite-livered
  • Offensive
8.9

Being very easily frightened and not brave

is a harsher label pointing to more extreme and obvious fear

Antonyms

906 1.0

Has courage when facing danger, pain or fear

117 3.4

Shows courage in dangerous or hard situations

How Cowardly

white-livered
  • Offensive
9.9
cowardly
84 3.9
timid
1 3.5

Surface Forms

white-livered positive

Morphology

white-livered = white + liver (opaque) = white + liver + ed

The meaning 'cowardly' relies on an archaic/idiomatic association of the liver with courage, so learners cannot derive the sense from 'white' + 'liver' following normal rules.

Etymology

White-livered comes from an old idea that the liver shows a person's 'courage', so a 'white' or pale liver meant weakness and fear. That's why calling someone white-livered means they are very afraid or lack courage.