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to bewilder

to bewilder

29 5.3
Make someone very confused and unable to think clearly
  • verb
  • /bɪˈwɪldər/
translation icon : desconcertar
  • Trying to understand the complex instructions bewildered the entire group during the meeting.
  • seem bewildered
  • felt bewildered
  • find school bewildering

It's science, like art, music and literature, has the power to amaze and excite, to dazzle and bewilder.

Examples

  • Faced by the war, western politicians were bewildered.

  • Russians under thirty react very differently to the new conditions than their frightened and bewildered elders.

    Academic text (2000)
  • I am just bewildered by life.

  • The way some people behave just... bewilders me.

  • Then, through the wall, Joey walks into the Hut, still bewildered by the sights around her.

    Fiction book (1992)
  • Many respondents felt bewildered when they became deaf and had fears for their personal safety.

    Academic text (2001)
  • The faculty was upset, and their responses angered and bewildered the students.

    Academic text (2003)
  • However, the policies of the new Clinton administration disappointed and bewildered Washington's supporters in India.

    Academic text (2001)
  • After struggling with the manuscript for a few months, a bewildered Herbert Marcuse wrote to Horkheimer.

    Academic text (1998)
  • "Will you help me choose the best prawns?" Scarlett was bewildered until the girl gestured toward the shrimp.

    Fiction book (1991)

Synonyms

to throw
vsto bewilder
321 7.8

To make someone feel confused or unsure

is about deep confusion that blocks clear thought, not emotion
to confuse
vsto bewilder
266 1.9

Make someone unable to think clearly or make something hard to understand

is stronger, stressing a much greater level of puzzlement
to beat
vsto bewilder
  • Informal
190 7.0

To be too difficult for someone to understand

is used for causing strong confusion rather than mere difficulty
to puzzle
vsto bewilder
73 4.9

To make someone feel confused when something is hard to understand

suggests a more intense confusion that blocks clear thinking
to baffle
vsto bewilder
65 5.3

To make someone very confused and unable to understand

is more about causing inability to understand clearly
to perplex
vsto bewilder
35 6.3

To make someone confused and unable to understand

is more about causing strong inability to think clearly
to mystify
vsto bewilder
28 6.5

To make someone confused by making something seem mysterious

is broader and focuses on strong confusion not only mystery
to confound
vsto bewilder
22 7.0

Make someone unable to think clearly

is more intense and suggests greater loss of clear thought
to dumbfound
vsto bewilder
17 7.0

To surprise someone so much that they cannot speak or answer

focuses on confusion without the strong surprise element
to befuddle
vsto bewilder
11 7.8

To make someone very confused so they cannot think clearly

emphasizes puzzlement that also prevents understanding
to bemuse
vsto bewilder
11 7.5

To make someone feel confused or unable to understand

is stronger, stressing severe confusion that blocks thought
to stupefy
vsto bewilder
9 7.9

To make someone unable to think or react after a very strong shock

emphasizes puzzlement without requiring shock or strong effect
to flummox
vsto bewilder
7 8.6

To confuse someone so they do not know what to do or think

leads to inability to think clearly rather than mere uncertainty
to discombobulate
vsto bewilder
  • Informal
6 9.9

To confuse someone so they cannot think clearly

is mainly about causing stronger, disorienting confusion
to vex
vsto bewilder
1 7.7

To confuse someone by making something hard to understand

focuses on making someone unable to understand or think clearly
to fox
vsto bewilder
8.9

To confuse someone so they cannot think clearly

is more severe, causing deep inability to understand
to nonplus
vsto bewilder
9.4

Surprise and confuse a person so they do not know what to do

is less about surprise and more about deep puzzlement
to gravel
vsto bewilder
  • Archaic
9.9

To annoy or puzzle someone

focuses on pure, intense puzzlement rather than irritation

Antonyms

248 3.3

To make something clear so others can understand it

55 4.8

To give someone clear information to help them understand something

How Confusing

to baffle
65 5.3
to bewilder
29 5.3
to perplex
35 6.3
to confuse
266 1.9

Surface Forms

bewilder infinitive
bewildered past
bewildered past participle
bewildering present participle
bewilders third person singular

Morphology

bewilder = wilder (opaque) = be + wild + er

The word is built from be- + wilder, but the modern sense 'confuse' is a historical extension that is not directly predictable from the component meanings.

Etymology

The word bewilder comes from the parts be- and wild and originally meant 'to lead into the wild', like sending someone into the woods so they would lose their way. So the image of being lost in the wild explains why bewilder now means to confuse someone or make them feel lost.