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to kowtow to

to kowtow to

9 8.9
To show too much respect and obedience to someone in power
  • phrasal verb
  • /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/
translation icon : rendirse ante
  • She refuses to kowtow to anyone and always stands up for her beliefs.
  • kowtowing to people
  • kowtow to demand
  • kowtowing to a party

It's always been kowtowing to the miserable joy eaters.

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Examples

  • I had to subvert my principles and kowtow to an idiot.

  • I chose to succeed on my own terms, not kowtow to some controlling family.

  • I'm not kowtowing to Washington or anyone else.

  • He will not kowtow to the far left of his own party.

  • Peter is cautious, a conformist who, as mayor of his town, kowtows to the rich.

    Blog text (29)
  • When the crew was eventually released, an outraged Chinese public accused the government of weakness and kowtowing to the West.

    Academic text (2008)
  • Women are fifty-one percent of the population; why would you kowtow to those who keep trying to disenfranchise them?

    Blog text (32)
  • The days of putting Americans last, of kowtowing to large corporations, of caving to woke ideology are over.

  • I think citizens want politicians who actually represent them/us, the 99%, and stop kowtowing to the 1%.

    Blog text (15)
  • If not for patriots like Rep. Burgess, we would soon be kowtowing to government mandates.

    Blog text (27)

Synonyms

to bow
vsto kowtow to
127 6.3

To give in to another person's wishes or demands

is more extreme and servile rather than simple yielding
to bow down
vsto kowtow to
30 3.7

Lower your head or body to show respect, often as a sign that you obey someone

is about extreme submissive behaviour rather than only a gesture
to kowtow
vsto kowtow to
12 9.2

To behave very obediently to please a person in power

is the same meaning but often used with a following object
to knuckle under
vsto kowtow to
  • Informal
4 8.4

To give in to pressure or someone in charge even if you do not want to

expresses willing, excessive obedience rather than reluctant yielding
to bow and scrape
vsto kowtow to
  • Archaic
3 9.4

Behave too politely and humbly to please someone

is similar but stresses servile respect rather than approval seeking
to toady
vsto kowtow to
1 9.1

Flatter and obey someone in power to get their favor

is broader, focusing on excessive obedience rather than flattery
to bend the knee
vsto kowtow to
1 8.4

To show loyalty and obey a powerful person

is about ongoing servile behaviour rather than a single gesture
to bend to someone's will
vsto kowtow to
7.1

To do what someone else wants even if you do not want to

is more servile and excessive than mere giving in

Antonyms

2.9

To be against something and try to stop it

178 3.7

Openly refuse to obey someone or seem to resist a force like time

How Submissive

to grovel
42 7.4
to kowtow to
9 8.9
to defer
  • Formal
36 6.2
yielding
4.8

Surface Forms

kowtow to infinitive
kowtowed to past participle
kowtowing to present participle
kowtows to third person singular

Morphology

kowtow + to

The verb 'kowtow' already carries the full meaning 'behave obsequiously', and the particle 'to' simply marks the target of that behaviour. There is no additional metaphorical or idiomatic shift introduced by adding 'to', so a B1 learner who knows 'kowtow' and the preposition 'to' will readily understand the phrase.

Etymology

Kowtow to comes from an old Chinese custom where a person would kneel and touch their forehead to the ground as a deep sign of respect to an emperor, an action called kowtow. So, kowtow to now means 'to be very obedient or to give in to someone in power'.