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confounding

confounding

1 7.7
Making people confused and things hard to understand
  • adjective
  • /kənˈfaʊndɪŋ/
translation icon : confuso
  • Finding a solution to the puzzle became increasingly confounding as more clues were revealed.
  • confounding factors
  • confounding effects
  • confounding variables

And so it gets very confounding when you've got those groups.

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Examples

  • And so it gets very confounding when you've got those groups.

  • It's not fun, it's exhausting, it's confusing, it's confounding, it's terrifying.

  • So it's very confounding to say the least.

  • This this is one of the confounding qualities of storytelling.

  • The most confounding factor in this study was the skewed distribution of intent to return to college.

    Academic text (2014)
  • One seemingly confounding factor is the paucity of males in this study.

    Academic text (2007)
  • On this subject, as on other thorny topics, the general trajectory of the law seems clear, but the details remain confounding and poorly understood.

    Academic text (2016)
  • The instructions for the new software were so confounding that many users gave up trying to use it.

  • Her explanation was confounding to the students, who felt more confused after she spoke.

Synonyms

confusing
vsconfounding
276 3.2

Hard to understand and makes people feel unsure

adds a sense of opposing elements as well as making things hard to understand
contradictory
vsconfounding
72 6.1

Showing ideas or statements that do not agree and cannot both be true

is one cause of difficulty understanding adding direct opposition rather than vagueness
puzzling
vsconfounding
42 4.6

Hard to understand or explain

also implies opposing elements sometimes not only mystery
baffling
vsconfounding
27 6.4

Hard to understand and causing confusion

can result from direct opposition rather than mere complexity
perplexing
vsconfounding
16 6.7

Making people feel confused because it is hard to understand

tends to include opposing features as well as making things hard to understand
bewildering
vsconfounding
13 5.2

Causing a lot of confusion and making things hard to understand

may include opposing elements as a reason for the difficulty
mystifying
vsconfounding
7 7.3

Causing someone to feel confused

is broader adding opposition or mixed signals beyond puzzlement
head-scratching
vsconfounding
  • Informal
2 7.5

Hard to understand and making people feel confused

often comes from things that oppose or mix signals rather than surprise
obfuscatory
vsconfounding
  • Formal
1 9.3

Making something hard to understand on purpose to hide the truth

is broader causing difficulty sometimes without deliberate hiding
confusional
vsconfounding
8.2

Making something hard to understand or follow

often includes opposing elements that make understanding harder
mystificatory
vsconfounding
  • Formal
9.9

Causing confusion on purpose

is similar but may arise without deliberate intent
dumfounding
vsconfounding
8.4

So surprising that you cannot speak

tends to cause difficulty by opposition rather than stunned silence
dumbfounding
vsconfounding
7.5

Causing someone to be unable to speak because they are very surprised

is more about difficulty understanding and opposition than only amazement

Antonyms

1 3.3

That helps people understand something more clearly

How Confusing

baffling
27 6.4
confounding
1 7.7
perplexing
16 6.7
puzzling
42 4.6
confusing
276 3.2

Surface Forms

confounding positive

Morphology

confounding = confound (transparent) = confound + ing

The adjectival/participial meaning 'causing confusion' is a regular derivation from the verb 'confound' with the productive suffix '-ing', so learners knowing 'confound' can infer the meaning.

Etymology

Confounding comes from the Latin parts con- 'together' and fundere 'to pour', so it first meant 'to pour together' or mix things up. That's why something confounding mixes ideas or facts and leaves people confused.