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to bombard

to bombard

10 7.5
To hit a material with particles or rays of energy to study it
  • verb
  • /bɑmˈbɑrd/
  • Specialized
translation icon : bombardear
  • In 1934, Rutherford and Mark Oliphant bombarded deuterons with neutrons and thus created tritium, the third hydrogen isotope.
  • bombarded a target
  • bombarded by cosmic rays
  • bombarded the Earth

You said that the moon is bombarded all the time with helium three.

Examples

  • This is where electrons bombard the stuff.

  • Scientists bombard the target with high-energy particles to study its reaction.

  • Cosmic rays bombard us from space all the time.

  • So it was promptly used to bombard many nuclear species and thus produce new isotopes.

    Academic text (2012)
  • You said that the moon is bombarded all the time with helium three.

  • When we bombard it with X-rays from the electron-laser, look what happens.

  • It's like we're being bombarded by unfiltered solar radiation.

  • The Earth is continually bombarded by these particles, which collide with atoms in the stratosphere to produce even more particles.

    Academic text (1990)
  • All this sounds relatively straightforward until one faces the fact that the detector is constantly bombarded with cosmic-ray muons.

    Academic text (2000)
  • For two centuries, astronomers and geologists have recognized that the Earth is continually bombarded by small extraterrestrial objects called meteoroids.

    Academic text (2003)

Synonyms

to bomb
vsto bombard
300 3.1

To attack a place by dropping explosive devices from planes

applies a precise directed stream of particles rather than explosive area attacks
to blast
vsto bombard
15 3.8

To send a strong stream of air at something

directs a focused stream of high energy particles rather than air
to fusillade
vsto bombard
  • Literature
9.9

To fire a quick series of shots at someone or something

uses a steady focused stream of particles rather than discrete shots

Phrasal Verbs

To give someone many questions or requests at the same time

Ask someone many quick questions until they cannot answer easily

How Intense

to saturate
  • Specialized
19 6.0
to bombard
  • Specialized
10 7.5
to irradiate
  • Specialized
13 8.0
to expose
479 3.2

Surface Forms

bombard infinitive
bombarded past
bombarded past participle
bombarding present participle
bombards third person singular

Morphology

bombard = bomb (semi-transparent) = bomb + ard

The scientific sense is a metaphorical extension of 'attack' or striking a target (as with bombs); learners who know 'bomb' can often infer the idea but the usage is specialized.

Etymology

Bombard in science keeps the same image: it is like sending many tiny bombs at a target to hit it over and over. So scientists 'bombard' materials or atoms when they aim a strong stream of particles or rays at them to study what happens.