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efference

efference

1 9.9
A nerve signal from the brain that tells muscles or organs to move
  • noun
  • /ˈɛfərəns/
  • Specialized
: eferencia
  • The efference from the nervous system instructs the heart to increase its rate during exercise.
  • efference copy

Examples

  • When you make a movement, your brain sends an efference signal to inform your muscles how to react.

  • A motor-related brain area could send an efference copy of the motor command to the visual cortex in motor coordinates, and the connectivity between axons from the motor-related area and visual neurons could act as the forward model, transforming the signal to visual coordinates.

    Academic text (2017)
  • There are many different uses that might be made of this efference copy, depending on the type of motor instruction in question.

    Academic text (1999)
  • So again, the content of the efference copy does not seem to be consciously available.

    Academic text (1999)
  • "Emotion and Facial Efference: An Ignored Theory

    Blog text (15)
  • The intentions are assumed to be reflected as efference copies to the representing system.

    Academic text (1999)
  • Here the efference copy is being monitored by a proto self, the new subject of sensation.

  • Zajonc, R. B., S. T. Murphy, & M. Inglehart, "Feeling and Facial Efference: Implications of the Vascular Theory of Emotion"

    Blog text (15)
  • Feinberg, Irwin. 1978. "Efference Copy and Corollary Discharge: Implications for Thinking and its Disorders." Schizophrenia Bulletin, 4: 636-640.

    Academic text (1999)
  • Nonetheless, it is consistent with this to suppose that whether or not a perceived movement is experienced as one's own depends on whether or not there is a match at the comparator between the sensory perception of the movement and an efference copy (Jeannerod in press; cf. Daprati et al. 1997).

    Academic text (1999)

Surface Forms

efference singular
efferences plural

Morphology

efference = efferent (opaque) = ef + fer + ence

The noun is formed from the technical adjective 'efferent' with '-ence', but the components ('ef-' + 'fer') are Latin combining forms not familiar standalone English morphemes, making the formation opaque to average learners.

Etymology

Efference comes from Latin parts ef- 'out' and ferre 'to carry', the same root you see in transfer. Think of efference as a message carried 'out' from the brain to the muscles, which is why it means a nerve signal that sends instructions from the brain to the body.