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cytotoxic

cytotoxic

1 8.1
To damage or kill living cells
  • adjective
  • /ˌsaɪtəˈtɒksɪk/
  • Specialized
translation icon : citotóxico
  • Chemotherapy often involves administering cytotoxic drugs that target rapidly dividing cancer cells.
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • cytotoxic drugs
  • cytotoxic agent

So now your cell is holding up a flag for the cytotoxic T cells by putting parts of the virus on the outside of the cell.

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Examples

  • Treatment with other immunomodulatory or cytotoxic agents was prohibited during the study.

    Academic text (2002)
  • Should a learning-disabled child with a relapse of leukemia be forced to take cytotoxic drugs if the chance of cure is poor?

    Academic text (2014)
  • And this cellular immunity is, among other things, cytotoxic, and it can recognize a second cell over here.

  • 6. On high concentration, zinc has a direct cytotoxic effect and is well known.

    Academic text (2007)
  • Many are also cytotoxic, causing route-of-entry effects that may be damaging to the gut, the skin, or the lung.

    Academic text (2003)
  • Intravenous Vitamin C is cytotoxic to cancer cells only and cures most cancers, even late stage.

    Blog text (27)
  • HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cells recognize viral peptides in association with class 1 HLA molecules on the target hepatocyte.

    Academic text (1994)
  • IFNs mobilize cellular defenses, primarily T-cells, to fight the infection, and have mild direct cytotoxic effects.

    Academic text (2007)
  • Uncontrolled exponential expansion of lymphocytes and unchecked cytokine production and cytotoxic activity may lead to autoimmunity.

    Academic text (2007)
  • Phagocytes utilize the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the highly toxic hydroxyl radical.

    Academic text (2017)

Synonyms

toxic
vscytotoxic
380 4.0

Containing poison that can cause harm or death

is specific to harming cells rather than causing general poisoning
poisonous
vscytotoxic
90 2.8

Containing a substance that can make you sick and can cause death if eaten, touched, or breathed

focuses on cell-level damage rather than broad poisoning effects
apoptotic
vscytotoxic
  • Specialized
1 8.4

Relating to the process when cells die on purpose

often kills cells by various means not only by programmed death
cytolytic
vscytotoxic
  • Specialized
1 9.9

Causing cells to break open and die

is broader, causing cell damage or death by many mechanisms
cytopathic
vscytotoxic
  • Specialized
8.9

Causes damage to living cells, often because of a virus

focuses on harming or killing cells generally, not only from infection
cytopathogenic
vscytotoxic
  • Specialized
9.9

Causing cells to become damaged or die, often after infection

describes cell harm broadly rather than specific pathological change

Antonyms

5 3.4

Safe for people, animals, and the environment

Compounds

cytotoxic drug
  • Specialized
1 4.9

A medicine that kills cells and helps treat cancer during chemotherapy

cytotoxic T cell
  • Specialized
5.5

A white blood cell with a CD8 marker that kills infected or cancer cells

How Toxic

cytotoxic
  • Specialized
1 8.1
toxic
380 4.0
irritant
15 6.0
harmless
231 1.0

Surface Forms

cytotoxic positive

Morphology

cytotoxic = toxic (semi-transparent) = cyto + toxic + cyto

The prefix 'cyto-' meaning 'cell' is not a standalone English word, making the connection less obvious to learners.

Etymology

Cytotoxic comes from Greek parts cyto- meaning 'cell' and -toxic meaning 'poison'. So cytotoxic literally means 'poison to cells', which is why it describes drugs or chemicals that damage or kill living cells.