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unstable

unstable

15 7.0
Likely to react or change quickly and sometimes dangerously
  • adjective
  • /ʌnˈsteɪbəl/
  • Specialized
: inestable
  • High energy or ionizing radiation is emitted when the unstable atoms of radioactive materials transition to a stable state.
  • unstable compound
  • highly unstable

The radioactive compounds are then concentrated in the mineral, but it's an unstable compound that'll crumble away within a few years.

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Examples

  • Fusion power is in some sense one of the ultimate sources of energy, but it's unstable and we don't have fusion power today.

  • It's a very poisonous and unstable compound.

  • Turns out the ray is highly unstable.

  • The nitrogen in the air is also unstable, though in less degree.

  • Energy turns into mass and we can make these brand new unstable particles.

  • So a wormhole is highly unstable, wanting to collapse upon itself.

  • Structural engineers take the necessary precautions to secure unstable areas and protect workers in the recovery effort.

    Academic text (2001)
  • Muons were known to be unstable; laboratory experiments showed them to decay quite rapidly.

    Academic text (1992)
  • One-celled life had to react almost instantly to an unstable, unsafe environment or die.

    Fiction book (2000)
  • The scientist warned that the chemical was highly unstable and could react violently if mixed with water.

Synonyms

explosive
vsunstable
241 4.6

Able to burst or cause a sudden violent outburst

is highly chemically reactive and likely to undergo violent dangerous change
volatile
vsunstable
106 7.0

Likely to change suddenly and become more dangerous

is focused on violent chemical reactions rather than general sudden change
reactive
vsunstable
  • Specialized
10 5.1

Likely to take part in chemical reactions

is more extreme and causes violent chemical change and danger
labile
vsunstable
1 9.7

Able to change or break down easily

is violently chemically reactive rather than just easily changing
1 9.9

Something very fragile that people or events can easily destroy

is about violent chemical reactivity and dangerous chemical change instead of fragility

Antonyms

stable
  • Specialized
22 6.6

Not likely to react or change in a chemical way

How Reactive

explosive
241 4.6
unstable
  • Specialized
15 7.0
reactive
  • Specialized
10 5.1
stable
  • Specialized
22 6.6
inert
  • Specialized
13 5.9

Surface Forms

unstable positive
unstabler comparative
unstablest superlative

Morphology

unstable = stable (transparent) = un + stable

In scientific usage, 'unstable' denotes 'not chemically stable'; the negation is productive and directly interpretable by learners familiar with 'stable'.

Etymology

Unstable is formed from un- 'not' and stable 'standing firm'. So an unstable substance does not 'stand firm' and can change or break apart suddenly, which is why it can be dangerous.