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substrate

substrate

3 7.5
A substance that an enzyme acts on during a chemical reaction
  • noun
  • /ˈsʌbˌstreɪt/
  • Specialized
translation icon : sustrato
  • An enzyme acts by inducing a strain on a substrate bound to its active site (Fersht 1992).
  • enzyme and substrate
  • substrate binding
  • specific substrates

And that these polypeptide substrates have complex native folds.

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Examples

  • So EPA and DHA are the the substrates, the starting point for making chemicals that turn off inflammation.

    ZOE
  • In addition, competition for substrate from competing enzymes remains intact.

    Academic text (1994)
  • Now let's consider what happens when your substrate concentration equals your KM.

  • To do that, the team plans to investigate the structure of the enzyme-substrate complex.

    Academic text (2003)
  • Therefore, the brain receives energy substrates, primarily oxygen and glucose, on the fly through its blood supply.

    Academic text (2017)
  • The next step of the reaction is expected to be coordination of the incoming substrate with compound IX.

    Academic text (2001)
  • Protein balance will be negatively affected if there are no substrates available for protein synthesis.

    Blog text (15)
  • In most cases, homologs act on different substrates, either exclusively or have mixed specificity.

    Blog text (25)
  • Carboxylesterase 1 is a serine esterase, responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing substrates, including xenobiotics and drugs.

    Academic text (2018)
  • In a biochemical reaction, the enzyme binds to the substrate to facilitate the process.

Synonyms

reactant
vssubstrate
  • Specialized
2 5.9

A chemical that changes during a reaction, for example hydrogen

is specifically the substance acted on by an enzyme in reactions

Surface Forms

substrate singular
substrates plural

Morphology

substrate = stratum (semi-transparent) = sub + stratum

The biochemical sense ('substance acted on') is a specialized extension of 'underlying material', so the parts give a clue but domain knowledge is needed.

Etymology

Substrate comes from the Latin parts sub- 'under' and stratum 'layer', and over time it came to mean the 'thing under' an action. In chemistry and biology a substrate is the substance an enzyme acts on, so you can think of it as the material 'under' the reaction.