Skip to main content
reference

reference

329 3.2
Mention of a source that shows where information comes from
  • noun
  • /ˈrɛfərəns/
translation icon : referencia
  • Five studies were added after manually inspecting the reference lists of all relevant articles.
  • reference list
  • make reference
  • cited references

And he then teaches himself to sing with reference to this template.

Autoplay Next

Examples

  • The Court often supports its reasoning by reference to historical customs and widely shared social expectations.

    Academic text (2017)
  • Take the time to research the articles in the references below for more details.

    Academic text (2012)
  • We asked our staff which resources on Reference Home they used most often.

    Academic text (2015)
  • What are its terms of reference, membership and programme of work?

  • In addition, a hand search of all relevant references from retrieved studies was conducted.

    Academic text (2012)
  • We also thank J. Windsor for supplying the reference DNA used in this study.

    Academic text (2012)
  • Specifically, several implications arise for consumer health reference services and collection development in public libraries.

    Academic text (2015)
  • She uses a lot of examples and cultural references to help readers out.

  • But for future reference, when you're talking to, for example, a judge, I would stay away from phrases like, "Her father's abandoned her."

  • In her research paper, she included a list of all the sources she used for reference.

Synonyms

mention
vsreference
220 2.5

A short reference to someone or something

is more formal and can identify a source rather than only note it briefly
citation
vsreference
  • Specialized
49 5.1

A note showing where information comes from, like a book or article

is used more generally to point to a source outside formal writing
allusion
vsreference
21 6.8

A brief indirect mention of a person, event, or idea

is explicit about sources and names them rather than hinting
ref
vsreference
7 5.2

A source used to show where information comes from

serves more broadly to point to a source across many contexts
cite
vsreference
  • Formal
4 6.0

A brief note that shows where information comes from

is broader, applying to any act of pointing to a source
cross-reference
vsreference
3 4.6

A note in a book that tells you where to find related information

is broader and can point to external sources as well as internal locations
bibliog
vsreference
9.1

An entry giving details of one source used in a paper

is the general act of pointing to a source rather than only listing it
cross-index
vsreference
6.8

A note in a book that points to related information in another part

is not limited to internal directions and can point outside the work
renvoi
vsreference
  • Specialized
9.9

A note that points to another part of a text for more information

is broader and covers pointing to sources beyond internal locations

Compounds

A known mark people use to compare or find position

A person's ideas and beliefs that shape how they understand things

A book you use to check facts or information

frame of reference
  • Specialized
5 6.1

A system for measuring where things are and how they move from one viewpoint

A known example people use to judge or compare other things

A letter from someone who knows a person well that says they are honest and reliable for a future employer

A note in a book that tells you where to find related information

reference frame
  • Specialized
3 7.2

A system that describes where and how an object is located or facing

A book you use to look up facts, not to read from start to finish

character reference
  • Specialized
1 6.9

A text code that tells a web page to show a special character like é

reference system
  • Specialized
1 4.9

A system that uses coordinates to show positions, like GPS or a map grid

reference manual
  • Specialized
1 3.7

A book or document that gives clear facts and instructions for quick checking

bofa reference
  • Offensive
9.9

An online joke that mentions the slang bofa to play with words

date of reference
  • Specialized
9.0

A fixed date used as the standard time for recording positions of stars and planets

A term that shows a part or position of the body

8.9

A frame where objects stay still or move straight at constant speed unless a force acts on them

reference grid
  • Specialized
5.1

A pattern of crossing lines on a map or picture that helps find places by letters and numbers

How Explicit

citation
  • Specialized
49 5.1
reference
329 3.2
to mention
1.0
allusion
21 6.8

Surface Forms

reference singular
references plural

Morphology

reference = refer (transparent) = refer + ence

The noun 'reference' is transparently derived from the verb 'refer' with the suffix '-ence' indicating an action or process.

Etymology

Reference comes from the Latin referre, made of re- 'back' and ferre 'to carry', so it originally meant 'to carry back' information; you can see the same 'carry' idea in English words like transfer, and that is why a reference is a mention that 'brings back' where an idea came from.