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extrapulmonary

extrapulmonary

1 7.5
Happening outside the lungs
  • adjective
  • /ˌɛkstrəˈpʌlmənɛri/
  • Specialized
: extrapulmonar
  • Although tuberculosis primarily affects the pulmonary system, it can also involve extrapulmonary sites such as the cervical lymph nodes.
  • extrapulmonary disease
  • extrapulmonary TB
  • extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Examples

  • In AIDS patients, 50% to 67% of tuberculous infections will be extrapulmonary, most commonly involving the cervical nodes and the bone marrow.

    Academic text (1995)
  • Therefore, it is essential to test all patients who have extrapulmonary tuberculosis for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus.

    Academic text (2002)
  • The cause of this increase in extrapulmonary disease remains unclear.

    Academic text (1995)
  • Since an increasing proportion of these cases are extrapulmonary and frequently involve the head and neck, these patients often initially present to otolaryngologists.

    Academic text (1995)
  • However, extrapulmonary disease is not uncommon, and clinical presentation may be very heterogeneous and challenging.

    Academic text (2007)
  • With this change came an increasing proportion of extrapulmonary, compared to pulmonary, tuberculous infections.

    Academic text (1995)
  • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs in 70% of patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pulmonary tuberculosis.

    Academic text (2002)
  • Clinical manifestations range from mild cases of tracheobronchitis to severe atypical pneumonia and can be followed by a broad spectrum of extrapulmonary complications.

    Academic text (2015)
  • Multivariate analysis of TB case-patients showed Hispanic ethnicity, extrapulmonary disease, diabetes, and immunosuppressive conditions, excluding HIV co-infection, were independently associated with M. bovis disease.

    Academic text (2015)
  • In patients with compromised immune systems, extrapulmonary infections can arise in organs outside the lungs.

Antonyms

pulmonary
  • Specialized
56 4.1

Relating to the lungs or how they work

Surface Forms

extrapulmonary positive

Morphology

extrapulmonary = pulmonary (transparent) = extra + pulmon + ary

Adding the prefix 'extra-' (outside) to the adjective 'pulmonary' (relating to the lungs) yields the clear meaning 'outside the lungs'.

Etymology

Extrapulmonary is made from extra- meaning 'outside' and pulmon- meaning 'lung', so it describes something that is located 'outside the lungs'.