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could

could

1.6
To say something was possible in the past but did not happen
  • auxiliary
  • /kʊd/
translation icon : podría haber
  • They could have won the game if they had tried harder.

Examples

  • You could have called me before you left the house.

  • I could have helped you, but you never asked.

  • You could have finished the project on time if you had started earlier.

  • She could have taken the train, but she decided to drive instead.

  • They could have joined us for dinner, but they had other plans.

Synonyms

coulda
vscould
  • Informal
8.8

To say 'could have' in informal speech to show something was possible in the past

is the standard written form used to state past possibility or to criticise actions

Idioms

1 9.1

To say you do not care at all, often to show you actually do care

8.3

Very hungry and wanting to eat a lot

A comment that a meeting is unnecessary because the information can be sent by email

A floor so clean you could eat from it

8.9

A very angry stare that seems like it could hurt someone

An idea that a place could tell stories from its past

How Likely

could
1.6

Surface Forms

could past

Etymology

Could in the phrase could have is could + have and it means 'was possible but did not happen'. So we use could have to talk about missed chances or to say someone might have acted differently in the past.