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correlation

correlation

14 4.9
A number from -1 to 1 that shows how two things change together
  • noun
  • /ˌkɔːrəˈleɪʃən/
  • Specialized
: coeficiente de correlación
  • Table 2 reports the zero-order correlations among the variables in this study.
  • correlation coefficient
  • Pearson correlation
  • significant correlation

Not a proof because correlation is not causation.

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Examples

  • She writes do you see a correlation between hoarding and financial insecurity?

  • Four groups of authors have observed a correlation between facial nerve stimulation and otosclerosis.

    Academic text (1999)
  • Anything less than perfect correlation brings you to the left.

  • The highest correlation with happiness is community.

  • Is there a statistical correlation for that, too?

  • Here we have a very weak correlation to gold for Bitcoin.

  • So you can see some pretty good correlations in those areas.

  • Historical statistics show no correlation between a country's size and its economic growth.

    Academic text (2011)
  • We then have the issue of the correlation between reproductive success and the trait.

  • The study revealed a significant correlation between exercise and improved mental health.

Synonyms

correlation coefficient
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
2 6.1

A number between -1 and +1 that shows how strong and which way two things are related

is the general statistical idea summarized by that numeric range
autocorrelation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 8.6

A measure that shows how much numbers or signals are similar to their past values

measures association between different variables rather than self relation
covariation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 9.8

How much two things change at the same time

focuses on the formal statistical measure rather than just joint change
coefficient of correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 6.8

A number between -1 and 1 that shows how strongly two things change together

is the broader statistical concept that this number represents
intercorrelation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 7.8

A link between two or more measurements that shows how they change together

is the single statistical measure used to quantify such mutual links
partial correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 7.7

How two things are related after removing the effect of a third thing

is the simple measure of association before controlling other factors
tetrachoric correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 9.9

A number showing how two things are related when each is split into two groups, for example yes and no

is the broader statistic not limited to dichotomized assumptions
first-order correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 8.6

The relationship between two things measured after keeping one other thing the same

is the more general measure not limited to single control cases
tetrachoric correlation coefficient
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
1 9.9

A number estimating how strongly two yes-no variables are related

is the general measure that does not assume binary categorization
multiple correlation coefficient
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
9.6

A number that shows how well several things together predict one result

is concerned with the basic pairwise relationship between variables
biserial correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
9.9

A measure that shows how a number like a test score relates to a two-value category like pass or fail

is the general association measure that applies to many variable types
curvilinear correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
9.3

A relationship between two things that forms a curved line on a graph

is the usual measure that often summarizes straight line association
skew correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
9.3

A relationship between two things where one changes at different speeds

is the basic measure that does not emphasise changing rates or shape
chance-half correlation
vscorrelation
  • Specialized
9.8

A number that shows how similar scores are between two random halves of a test

is the core statistical measure of association, not a test reliability index

Compounds

direct correlation
  • Specialized
6 4.2

A relationship where two things increase or decrease together

2 6.1

A number between -1 and +1 that shows how strong and which way two things are related

When one thing goes up or down, the other goes the same way

negative correlation
  • Specialized
1 4.6

A connection between two things where one goes up as the other goes down

correlation matrix
  • Specialized
1 6.8

A table that shows how strongly each pair of variables is related

spurious correlation
  • Specialized
1 8.7

A link between two things that looks like one causes the other but a third thing causes both

1 6.8

A number between -1 and 1 that shows how strongly two things change together

partial correlation
  • Specialized
1 7.7

How two things are related after removing the effect of a third thing

correlation table
  • Specialized
1 5.6

A table that shows how two things are related with numbers in the cells

indirect correlation
  • Specialized
1 7.1

A relationship between two things where one goes up while the other goes down

multiple correlation
  • Specialized
1 7.7

A way to predict one number using two or more other numbers

A number that shows how strong and in which direction a straight link between two things is

A number from -1 to 1 that shows the strength and direction of a straight-line connection between two things

1 9.9

A number showing how two things are related when each is split into two groups, for example yes and no

1 8.6

The relationship between two things measured after keeping one other thing the same

1 8.5

A number that shows how well two rankings agree

1 8.8

A number that shows how similar two ordered lists are

A number estimating how strongly two yes-no variables are related

biserial correlation
  • Specialized
9.9

A measure that shows how a number like a test score relates to a two-value category like pass or fail

A number that shows how a measured amount like a test score relates to a yes-or-no group

9.8

A number that shows how similar scores are between two random halves of a test

9.3

A relationship between two things that forms a curved line on a graph

9.9

A number that shows how two things with two choices are related, for example male and female

A number that shows how well several things together predict one result

A method to measure the relationship between two ranked variables while keeping other variables the same

nonlinear correlation
  • Specialized
7.5

A link between two things where change is not steady and dots do not form a straight line

9.6

To measure how two sets of scores are related by comparing their ranks

A number that shows how closely two sets of ranked scores move together

A number that shows how similar the order of items is in two lists

phi correlation
  • Specialized
9.8

A number that shows how strongly two yes or no variables are related

A number that shows how much two ordered lists agree

skew correlation
  • Specialized
9.3

A relationship between two things where one changes at different speeds

9.4

A number that shows how similar scores are on two parts of a test

How Strong

correlation
  • Specialized
14 4.9
nonassociation
  • Specialized
1 8.8

Surface Forms

correlation singular
correlations plural

Morphology

correlation = correlate (semi-transparent) = cor + relate + ion

The form is the same derivation as the general noun (correlate + -ion); the structural formation is regular and clear.

Etymology

Correlation comes from the parts co- 'together' and relation 'connection', the same root as the common word relation. A helpful image is two things that 'move together', because if they go up or down at the same time they have a strong correlation. So in statistics, a correlation is a number that tells how much two things change together.