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befouled

befouled

1 8.8
Made dirty by waste, chemicals, or lies
  • adjective
  • /bɪˈfaʊld/
translation icon : contaminado
  • After the storm, the once clear lake was now befouled with debris and waste.

Examples

  • He walked with the wind in his face, treading carefully on the befouled snow and trying not to breathe deeply the reeking air.

    Fiction book (1992)
  • The artist created a powerful image of a befouled river, highlighting the effects of pollution on the environment.

  • The children tried to play in the park, but the befouled ground made it difficult to find a clean spot.

Synonyms

soiled
vsbefouled
1 2.5

Not clean because it has mud or grease on it

is broader including contamination or pollution beyond visible stains
fouled
vsbefouled
4.1

Dirty and polluted with waste or unwanted material

is more general and not limited to waste causes
contaminated
vsbefouled
4.7

Something that becomes unsafe because it touches something dirty or harmful

is about dirtiness generally and not only about safety or harm
polluted
vsbefouled
3.5

Not safe to use because dangerous chemicals are in the air, water, or soil

is used for being dirty without necessarily being harmful
begrimed
vsbefouled
8.2

Covered thickly with dark dirt or soot

is a general term for being dirty not necessarily deeply covered
defiled
vsbefouled
8.4

Made morally dirty, especially a place or thing people respect

is about physical dirtiness or pollution rather than moral corruption

Antonyms

1.0

Free from dirt or harmful things

How Dirty

polluted
3.5
befouled
1 8.8
dirty
525 1.0
soiled
1 2.5

Surface Forms

befouled positive

Morphology

befouled = befoul (transparent) = be + foul + ed

The verb 'befoul' (be- + foul) clearly means 'make foul', so adding '-ed' yields 'made dirty', which is readily inferable by learners.

Etymology

Befouled is built from the prefix be- meaning 'make' and the word foul meaning 'dirty' or 'bad'. So to be 'befouled' is to be made dirty or polluted, whether that is a place, the air, or even someone's reputation.