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outlier

outlier

35 6.7
A person or thing that is clearly different from others in a group
  • noun
  • /ˈaʊtˌlaɪər/
  • Specialized
translation icon : valor atípico
  • The student's test score was an outlier compared to the rest of the class, which all scored around average.
  • identify outliers
  • detect outliers
  • exclude outliers

And another one is a tendency for outliers or fat tailed distributions.

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Examples

  • Polio reminds us that smallpox was an outlier rather than the norm.

  • Unfortunately, Smith turned out to be an outlier in more ways than one.

  • Japan would be viewed as an outlier on both trade and investment issues.

    Academic text (1990)
  • The Jim Crow local settlement in North Carolina was not an outlier; it was the rule.

    Academic text (2017)
  • So the subject's somewhat of an outlier in that circumstance.

  • The Fifth Circuit is an outlier, reading an exception into the ADA as it applies to arrest.

    Academic text (2017)
  • Fairly quickly, S/CRS moved towards longer-term contingency planning, making it an outlier within the department.

    Academic text (2013)
  • In the dataset, her result was identified as an outlier because it fell far outside the expected range.

  • The scientist noted that the temperature reading was an outlier, significantly higher than the surrounding data points.

Synonyms

anomaly
vsoutlier
165 7.1

Something that is not normal or expected

is a marked observation or person far from the group's values
abnormality
vsoutlier
11 5.2

Something that is not normal and can be seen in the body or test results

is a specific extreme example rather than the general condition
odd man out
vsoutlier
  • Informal
8 6.1

A person who is clearly different from others and does not fit in

is used more broadly for persons or data points far from the group
odd fellow
vsoutlier
  • Informal
1 6.8

A person who acts in a way people think is strange

focuses on marked difference without implying eccentric behaviour
unicum
vsoutlier
  • Archaic
9.9

A person who is very unusual and stands out from others

denotes a notable difference but not necessarily extreme uniqueness

Antonyms

75 3.4

The ideas and activities most people accept as normal

How Different

anomaly
165 7.1
outlier
  • Specialized
35 6.7
exception
599 3.2
variation
113 3.0

Surface Forms

outlier singular
outliers plural

Morphology

outlier = lie (transparent) = out + out + lie + er

The word is clearly formed from 'out' + 'lie' with the agent/nominal suffix '-er', yielding 'something that lies outside', which learners can readily infer. [Postprocessing: moved 'out' from base_words to prefix]

Etymology

Outlier comes from out ('outside') and lie ('to be located' or 'to rest'), so it originally meant 'something that lies outside'. That's why an outlier today is a person, thing, or number that stands apart from the others, like a data point far from the rest.