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cross-sectional

cross-sectional

5.8
Showing the inside of something as if cut across
  • adjective
  • /ˌkrɔsˈsɛkʃənl/
  • Specialized
translation icon : transversal
  • The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze the health of different age groups at one point in time.
  • cross-sectional study
  • cross-sectional design
  • cross-sectional survey

Make a guess as to the depth that'll give you the cross-sectional area of the river, and then multiply it times the speed of the flow.

Examples

  • In a cross-sectional survey, participants are assessed simultaneously to understand their current behaviors or opinions.

  • Because the present study was cross-sectional, it did not examine relationships between psychological distress and factors that change over time.

    Academic text (2007)
  • First, this study was cross-sectional, thereby making it impossible to determine cause and effect.

    Academic text (2013)
  • Note that cross-sectional relationships among the life course stages were not examined.

    Academic text (2008)
  • A cross-sectional study design was used to collect information about ethnic food safety concerns.

    Academic text (2006)
  • The cross-sectional data showed that students grew fastest in grades 2 and 3.

    Academic text (2008)
  • The data were cross-sectional, and causality could not be established.

    Academic text (2012)
  • The cross-sectional nature of these data does not allow for causality to be suggested.

    Academic text (1996)
  • Because the survey was cross-sectional, relationships cannot be assumed to show causality.

    Academic text (2010)
  • However, cross-sectional designs do not shed light on the origins of couples' similarities or differences.

    Academic text (2004)

Synonyms

cross-section
vscross-sectional
  • Specialized
5.3

Showing the inside shape you see when you cut something across, like a tree trunk

is more general, showing internal structure without specifying right-angle cuts
sectional
vscross-sectional
  • Specialized
6.0

Showing the inside of something as if cut through

is focused on revealing internal structure by a cross cut, not just a general view

How Exposed

cross-sectional
  • Specialized
5.8
sectional
  • Specialized
6.0
external
3 4.2

Surface Forms

cross-sectional positive

Morphology

cross-sectional = cross-section (semi-transparent) = cross + section + al

The adjective is built regularly from the noun 'cross-section' plus '-al', so the meaning is directly recoverable from the base.

Etymology

Cross-sectional comes from two simple parts: cross meaning 'across' and section meaning 'a cut or part'. A helpful image is slicing an apple across to see its rings, because a cross-sectional view shows the inner structure of something.