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overpotential

overpotential

1 9.5
Extra voltage above the expected level needed to make a chemical reaction that uses electricity happen
  • noun
  • /ˌoʊvərˈpəʊtənʃəl/
  • Specialized
: sobretensión
  • The activation overpotential develops naturally as soon as the electrodes are connected through an external load, and electrons then start to be depleted from the anode and accumulate on the cathode.
  • Ohmic overpotential
  • Activation overpotential

Examples

  • The current encounters a voltage barrier or overpotential at the electrode surface.

    Academic text (1998)
  • Platinum is the gold standard for electrocatalysis, combining low overpotential with high activity for the chemical reactions in water-splitting.

    Blog text (9)
  • This voltage reduction is known as the oxygen overpotential.

    Academic text (2004)
  • Activation overpotential is the most interesting from the standpoint of the physics underlying fuel cell operation.

    Academic text (1994)
  • With fuel cells, there are three main sources of "overpotential" (the name historically given to the deviation of potential from the theoretical value).

    Academic text (1994)
  • Ohmic overpotential increases linearly with current density and is responsible for the wide region of figure 3 (shown in red).

    Academic text (1994)
  • Concentration overpotential results from the complex hydrodynamic flow of fuel and oxidant within the fuel cell and from limits to ion diffusion in the electrolyte.

    Academic text (1994)
  • This third type of overpotential develops as the electrode reactions become limited by the availability of reactants at the active electrode-electrolyte interfaces.

    Academic text (1994)
  • Ohmic overpotential is governed predominantly by ionic conduction within the electrolyte, a process whose basic characteristics are by no means fully understood.

    Academic text (1994)
  • The oxygen overpotential affects the efficiency of electrochemical reactions in fuel cells.

Surface Forms

overpotential singular

Morphology

overpotential = potential (transparent) = over + potential

Formed by the prefix 'over-' meaning excess plus 'potential' (voltage); the meaning 'extra potential' is directly derived though it is a technical term.

Etymology

Overpotential comes from over- meaning 'above' and potential meaning 'stored power' or 'ability to do work'. So overpotential is the extra voltage 'above' the normal potential that is needed to make a reaction in a battery or cell happen.