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middle voice

middle voice

9.1
A verb form where the subject does an action to itself or for itself
  • noun
  • /ˈmɪdəl vɔɪs/
  • Specialized
translation icon : voz media
  • The concept of middle voice can be seen in sentences where the action is directed back to the subject, such as 'He dressed himself.'

Examples

  • The proposal of the middle voice elicits a strong negative reaction from David, so the scribe demonstrates an approximation of the middle voice with a parable: about Bronwyn the Brown Witch who can do anything at all.

    Academic text (2008)
  • The narrator proposes using the "middle voice" for Dulcie's story (197), and in fact does use it with increasing frequency in the novel's closing chapters.

    Academic text (2008)
  • Later examples of the middle voice perform this work more pointedly.

    Academic text (2008)
  • Do this in the middle voice in F major, descending on a five-note pattern starting on C.

    Academic text (2004)
  • Thus, as with the conspicuous middle voice, the novel's conclusion makes explicit the crisis of agency and representation inherent in a tale as damaging and damaged as David's story.

    Academic text (2008)
  • The middle voice is, if you will, the syntactic equivalent of the palimpsest, drawing attention to that which has been erased and excluded and to the conundrums of telling.

    Academic text (2008)
  • The proposal of the middle voice elicits a strong negative reaction from David, so the scribe demonstrates an approximation of the middle voice with a parable: about Bronwyn the Brown Witch who can do anything at all.

    Academic text (2008)
  • While singing the vowel "ah" on a pitch in the middle voice (e.g., G below middle C for men, an octave up for women), have them gradually lean back in their chairs while gently pushing off with their legs, eventually lifting the front legs of their chairs off the ground.

    Academic text (2004)
  • In Greek grammar, the middle voice indicates when the subject both performs and receives the action of the verb.

  • In studying verb forms, students often learn about the middle voice to understand how subjects can act upon themselves.

Surface Forms

middle voice singular
middle voices plural

Morphology

middle + voice

The term is compositional: 'middle' (intermediate) combined with 'voice' (a grammatical category) directly suggests a grammatical voice that is between active and passive. This concept also exists cross-linguistically (many languages have a middle/reflexive voice), so a B1 learner who knows the constituents can reasonably infer the basic meaning.

Etymology

Middle voice gives a simple picture: the subject is in the middle and both does an action and is affected by it, like 'I wash myself'. So, middle voice describes verbs where the subject acts on itself.