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to circulate

to circulate

103 3.9
To spread information or documents among people
  • verb
  • /ˈsɜrkjʊˌleɪt/
translation icon : difundir
  • The third petition, signed by 100,000, had been circulated in every state and territory.
  • widely circulated
  • circulate rumors
  • circulate misinformation

Meantime, there's a new interview circulating of Israeli first responders.

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Examples

  • The news of Brooke's disappearance was widely circulated on social media, perhaps because of last year's case involving police...

  • This big news circulated through the media last week.

  • When you have read them, you may decide to circulate them.

  • I think we should circulate them.

  • That file was not supposed to circulate.

  • The newspapers would circulate coast to coast.

  • Do you know that there are rumors about you circulating?

  • Each week, we meet to discuss current investment proposals circulating in the firm and assign priorities.

    Academic text (1999)
  • The list of discarded questions was circulated to all participants to provide an opportunity for reconsideration.

    Academic text (2011)
  • The manager decided to circulate the memo to all employees so everyone is informed.

Synonyms

to spread
vsto circulate
750 1.6

To become known by many people

involves deliberately passing information among people or places rather than just becoming known
to carry
vsto circulate
325 2.0

Send sound or information from one place to another

centers on sharing information among people and places, not on carrying physical signals
to convey
vsto circulate
199 3.4

To send information, ideas, or feelings to someone

focuses more on distributing documents or broader spreading rather than only meaning transfer
to transmit
vsto circulate
169 3.7

To send something from one thing to another, for example a message or disease

focuses on exchanging information among people or places, not on signals or diseases
to pass on
vsto circulate
134 2.7

To give something to another person, often information or a message

involves spreading among many people or places instead of single transmissions
to publicize
vsto circulate
94 4.0

Make something known to many people using news or social media

also applies to passing copies or documents privately between people or places
to distribute
vsto circulate
87 2.0

Give things to several people or places

also covers passing information without physical copies or direct giving
to go around
vsto circulate
85 2.3

Spread among many people, as with a story or rumor

also reaches places, not just moves among people
to broadcast
vsto circulate
81 3.0

To make news or information known to many people

is used for spreading among people or places, not only public mass announcements
to pass along
vsto circulate
76 2.5

Give news, a message, or something you received to another person

covers wider distribution among places and groups, not only stepwise relaying between people
to spread the word
vsto circulate
68 3.1

Tell many people about something so they know

can be used for general passing or document circulation, not only active telling
to get around
vsto circulate
56 2.8

Information becomes known to many people

involves actively passing information among people or across places
to disseminate
vsto circulate
48 6.8

To spread information or ideas widely so many people know them

is the neutral everyday term used for general passing or sharing
to diffuse
vsto circulate
40 5.5

To spread out and reach many people or places

emphasizes moving information between people and places rather than mere spreading out
to impart
vsto circulate
33 4.3

To teach knowledge or skills to someone

is broader, covering sharing documents or news rather than only teaching
to get the word out
vsto circulate
31 3.2

Tell many people about something so they know

also suits passing copies or documents among limited groups, not only public campaigns
to propagate
vsto circulate
23 5.9

Spread ideas, news, or feelings to many people

covers passive or administrative passing of information, not only idea promotion
to percolate
vsto circulate
8 6.1

Spread slowly through a group until many people know or feel it

covers general spreading without implying gradual pace or slow seepage
to send around
vsto circulate
5 3.2

Give a copy of something to each person in a group, for example by email

covers passing information by many methods, not just sending copies
to pass around
vsto circulate
4 2.0

Make information spread among many people

focuses on general spreading among people or places, not only group sharing
to communicate
vsto circulate
  • Specialized
2 3.4

Pass a disease from one person or animal to another

applies to passing information or documents among people and places, not only disease or feelings
to circularize
vsto circulate
8.1

To send the same information to many people to inform or ask their opinion

is the general act of spreading information, not only formal mailing campaigns

Antonyms

176 4.8

To stop public protest by force or by people in power

How Wide

to broadcast
81 3.0
to publicize
94 4.0
to circulate
103 3.9
to share
711 1.0
to tell
1.0

Surface Forms

circulate infinitive
circulated past
circulated past participle
circulating present participle
circulates third person singular

Morphology

circulate = circle (semi-transparent) = circle + ate

The sense 'to spread information' is metaphorically extended from physical circular movement, so the relation to 'circle' is understandable but not purely literal for learners.

Etymology

The word circulate comes from the Latin circulare, from circulus meaning 'circle', and is like the English word circle. So to circulate news or papers is to send them 'around' from person to person.