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by chance

by chance

184 2.3
Happening without planning or intending
  • idiom
: por casualidad
  • These are rocks that by chance happen to collide with the Earth.
  • happen by chance
  • occur by chance
  • encounter by chance

And and it's not by chance that most of them are men.

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Examples

Synonyms

accidentally
vsby chance
341 1.4

In a way that is not planned and happens by mistake

is a short phrase used instead of that common adverb
randomly
vsby chance
116 2.4

In a way that has no clear plan or order

centres on lack of intention rather than lack of pattern
unexpectedly
vsby chance
91 2.3

Happening without any warning

emphasises lack of planning rather than surprise alone
inadvertently
vsby chance
64 5.2

Without meaning to do something

is broader, covering unplanned events beyond mere oversight
coincidentally
vsby chance
55 4.9

In a way that happens by chance and is surprising

focuses more on absence of planning than on simultaneity
peradventure
vsby chance
  • Archaic
47 9.9

Says that something might happen by chance

is the ordinary contemporary expression for the same idea
unintentionally
vsby chance
29 3.4

Without meaning to

includes coincidence or lack of planning as possible causes
perchance
vsby chance
  • Archaic
17 9.9

Maybe in older or more formal writing

is the plain modern phrase used in normal contexts
fortuitously
vsby chance
  • Formal
4 7.5

By lucky chance when something happens unexpectedly

means unplanned occurrence but does not imply good luck
haply
vsby chance
  • Archaic
4 9.9

In a way that happens by chance and not by plan

is the common modern phrase used in everyday speech
serendipitously
vsby chance
2 7.7

In a way that happens by chance and brings a good result

covers unplanned events without suggesting a positive result
adventitiously
vsby chance
  • Formal
1 9.5

In a way that happens by chance or comes from an outside source

focuses on absence of planning, not on source origin

Antonyms

270 3.7

To do something on purpose and with care

175 3.1

In a way that someone does something on purpose, not by accident

How Intentional

intentionally
175 3.1
on purpose
259 1.6
by chance
184 2.3
accidentally
341 1.4

Surface Forms

by chance positive

Morphology

by + chance

The meaning 'without planning; accidentally' is directly inferable from combining 'by' (a prepositional marker of manner/cause) with 'chance' (randomness): the phrase simply expresses that something occurred due to chance. This compositional pattern is common cross-linguistically (e.g., French par hasard, Spanish por casualidad), so a B1 learner who knows the constituent words will very likely understand it.

Etymology

By chance may come from the simple picture of something falling into your path without you planning it, like a ball that drops by accident. So by chance means 'to happen without planning' or 'accidentally'.