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Pennsylvania Dutch

Pennsylvania Dutch

1 9.6
A form of German spoken in parts of Pennsylvania and Maryland, often by Amish families
  • noun
  • /ˌpɛnslˈveɪn.jə dʌtʃ/
  • US
translation icon : alemán de Pensilvania
  • The term was coined by Anabaptists who spoke Pennsylvania Dutch.
  • use Pennsylvania Dutch

Examples

  • They use Pennsylvania Dutch in the home setting and German in religious services, but speak English with non-Amish society.

    Academic text (1996)
  • Differences are clear between more traditional Old Order writers who use Pennsylvania Dutch or other traditional phrases and those who use modern language.

    Academic text (2016)
  • Every Budget national edition includes a column written in Pennsylvania Dutch.

    Academic text (2016)
  • An ability to recognize the Pennsylvania Dutch phrase is crucial to understanding the anecdote.

    Academic text (2016)
  • There were many Pennsylvania Dutch and Germans who migrated to North Carolina; I know because I am related to many of them.

    Blog text (1)
  • The Neese liver mush is more similar to the scrapple sold in the Pennsylvania Dutch country.

    Blog text (1)
  • The churros tasted like a pfannkuchen he once had when he and his wife stopped at the Pennsylvania Dutch Festival in Kutztown.

    Fiction book (1993)
  • If he continued north, he was told, he would get to the village of Hamburg, and from there eleven miles to the east, on the old highway, to Lenhartsville; that's where he would find the Pennsylvania Dutch Folk Society.

    Fiction book (2002)
  • Severe errors in spelling and grammar are sometimes fixed by the newspaper's staff, but more minor errors are often left in because the newspaper's staff wants The Budget to be real and conversational, because that's what Pennsylvania Dutch, a language spoken in many Amish communities, is.

    Academic text (2016)
  • Many of the community members still communicate in Pennsylvania Dutch during family gatherings.

Surface Forms

Morphology

Pennsylvania + Dutch

A B1 learner who knows 'Pennsylvania' and 'Dutch' is likely to interpret this as relating to people or things from the Netherlands in Pennsylvania, which is a plausible compositional reading. The actual referent is a historical German (Deutsch) dialect, a meaning derived from etymology rather than the literal modern senses of the constituents, so the intended meaning is not predictable from the parts and is opaque to learners.

Etymology

Pennsylvania Dutch comes from early German-speaking settlers in Pennsylvania. One popular story says English speakers heard them call themselves Deutsch, the word for 'German', and wrote it as Dutch, so the phrase came to mean the German dialect and people of Pennsylvania.